Figure 1. Main sources of microfibers in the aquatic environment from domestic washing, textile industries, and garment waste/landfills. (Aravin Prince Periyasamy 2023)

Microfiber is often considered a more earth-friendly cleaning choice compared to traditional cleaning materials like cotton cloths or paper towels for several reasons:

1. Durability and Reusability: Microfiber cloths are durable and can be reused many times before they need to be replaced. This reduces the amount of waste generated compared to single-use paper towels or wipes.

2. Reduction in Chemical Usage: Microfiber's unique structure allows it to effectively capture dirt, dust, and even bacteria without the need for excessive cleaning chemicals. This can lead to a reduction in the use of chemical cleaners, which is better for both the environment and indoor air quality.

3. Water Efficiency: Microfiber cleaning typically requires less water to achieve effective cleaning. Traditional mopping or cleaning methods might involve using more water, which can strain water resources and contribute to water wastage.

4. Energy Savings: Because microfiber cloths are efficient at capturing dirt and grime, they often require less scrubbing and effort during cleaning. This can translate to energy savings over time.

5. Less Lint and Residue: Microfiber materials tend to leave behind less lint and residue compared to traditional cleaning materials. This means fewer particles being released into the environment and better indoor air quality.

6. Versatility: Microfiber cloths can be used for a variety of cleaning tasks and surfaces, reducing the need for multiple cleaning products and tools.

However, it's important to note that the sustainability of microfiber products is not without concerns:

1. Microplastic Pollution: Microfiber cloths are made from synthetic materials, often polyester or nylon, which are types of plastic. When these materials shed during washing, they release tiny plastic particles called microplastics into the water system, potentially harming aquatic life and ecosystems. Some efforts are being made to develop microfibers that shed fewer microplastics.

2. Manufacturing Impact: The production of synthetic fibers like those used in microfiber cloths requires energy and resources. While microfiber cloths' long lifespan can offset this impact to some extent, it's still worth considering.

3. End-of-Life Disposal: Eventually, microfiber cloths will reach the end of their usable life. Proper disposal can be a challenge, as they are typically not biodegradable and can contribute to plastic waste if not managed appropriately.

4. Quality Matters: The effectiveness and sustainability of microfiber cleaning depend on the quality of the product. Lower-quality microfiber cloths may not perform as well, leading to more waste and potentially requiring more frequent replacements.

To mitigate the potential downsides and enhance the earth-friendliness of microfiber cleaning, consider the following steps:

• Opt for higher quality microfiber products that shed fewer microplastics.
• Use a microfiber washing bag or filter to capture microplastics released during washing.
• Extend the lifespan of microfiber cloths by following proper care and washing instructions.
• Look for brands that prioritize sustainability and environmental responsibility in their manufacturing processes.

Overall, while microfiber can offer more eco-friendly cleaning compared to some alternatives, it's important to make informed choices and consider the full life cycle of the products you use.